formation of polar stratospheric clouds upsc

The altitude at which certain category of clouds form varies on the basis of the polar region, tropical region etc.Below table gives the classification of clouds and the associated types of cloudsNephology is the science of clouds, which is undertaken in the cloud physics branch of meteorology.The above details would be of help to candidates preparing for Types of thunderstorm: Thermal, Orographic and Cloud Front thunderstorm; Tornado: formation, Water spout and Distribution in world ; Polar vortex: meaning and properties, formation, Cold wave: polar vortex, Polar vortex in USA 2014; Polar stratospheric clouds; Ozone depletion north pole and South Pole, Montreal Protocol and its implementation. These reactions lead to the formation of large amounts of reactive chlorine and, ultimately, to the destruction of ozone in the stratosphere. During the winter, the high latitudes receive very little to no solar radiation, so temperatures drop significantly during this period, known as polar night. Clouds are an important part of the earth’s weather and climate. Special reactions that occur on PSCs, combined with the relative isolation of polar stratospheric air, allow chlorine and bromine reactions to … Ice polar stratospheric clouds (nacreous clouds) form at temperatures below the ice frost point, typically near −85 °C, which is colder than the average lower stratosphere temperature.The characteristic bright iridescent colours, resulting from diffraction and interference of light waves, suggest that the clouds are composed of similarly sized spherical crystals of about 10 μm in diameter. 3) Discuss the formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds and their role in the depletion of the ozone layer. These polar stratospheric clouds provide a surface for the reactions that free chlorine atoms in the stratosphere. The Type 1 PSCs form when the stratospheric temperature drops below -108 F. They are primarily composed of nitric acid, water, and sulfuric acid. PSCs provide surfaces upon which heterogeneous chemical reactions take place. Mid-Level Clouds. Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment. The timing and duration of PSC events, their geographic extent and vertical distributions, and their annual variability are not well understood. Polar stratospheric clouds are clouds in the winter polar stratosphere at altitudes of 15,000–25,000 m. They are best observed during civil twilight, when the Sun is between 1 and 6 degrees below the horizon, as well as in winter and in more northerly latitudes. Clouds are visible accumulations of tiny water droplets or ice crystals in the Earth’s atmosphere. The Davis LIDAR has been used to study stratospheric clouds since 2001.

All rights reserved | Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play a central role in the formation of the ozone hole in the Antarctic and Arctic. But how does a chlorine atom reach to such high levels of atmosphere?Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Answer: c) CFCs were used as refrigerants, pressurizing agents (foam and aerosol cans) and for cleaning electronic equipment.Subscribe to our newsletter and never miss an important update!El Nino | ENSO | La Nina | El Nino Modoki | Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)El Nino | ENSO | La Nina | El Nino Modoki | Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)Copyright © 2016-20 Pmfias.com.

Temperate Regions – they form at altitudes of 5000 m (16,500 ft) to 12,200 m (40,000 ft). PSCs are clouds that form when water vapor enters the stratosphere and when temperatures are cold enough for water vapor to condense there. (250 words) Thunderheads produce rain, thunder and lightning.Clouds are classified on the basis of their formation at different heights. A complex interplay of chemistry, dynamics, and radiation lead to conditions conducive to significant ozone loss in the Polar Regions.

Polar Regions – they form at altitudes of 3000 m (10,000 ft) to 7600 m (25,000 ft).

Abstract. Low planetary wave activity led to a stable vortex with exceptionally cold temperatures in the 2015–2016 Arctic winter. Type One – Compared to type one clouds, these types of clouds are less enormous.
This topic would be of importance in the Clouds form from water in the sky. High-Level Clouds. They are formed mainly during the event of polar vertex in winter; more intense at south pole. These clouds consist mainly of hydrated droplets of nitric acid and sulphuric acid.Despite two decades of research, the climatology of PSCs is not well described, and this impacts on the accuracy of ozone depletion models. Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play a central role in the formation of the PSCs form poleward of about 60°S latitude in the altitude range 10 km to 25 km during the winter and early spring. Elucidate. The clouds are classified into Types I and II according to their particle size and formation temperature.Type II clouds, also known as nacreous or mother-of-pearl clouds, are composed of ice crystals and form when temperatures are below the ice frost point (typically below −83°C).The Type I PSCs are optically much thinner than the Type II clouds, and have a formation threshold temperature 5 to 8°C above the frost point. These reactions lead to the production of free radicals of chlorine in the stratosphere which directly destroy ozone molecules.

As mid-may brings on the onset of winter, the Antarctic stratosphere cools and descends closer to the surface. Types of Polar Stratospheric Clouds. The Cl-catalyzed ozone depletion is dramatically enhanced in the presence of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) [Finally this how polar vortex leads to ozone depletion] During winter in the Polar Regions, aerosols grow to form polar stratospheric clouds. Type Two – Involves nacreous clouds that comprise of particles of ice crystals that have low temperatures of about ~minus eighty-five degrees Celsius. (250 words) Geography by G C Leong Water vapour may be invisible but it is always in the sky in some amount. The observations consist of profiles of Rayleigh laser backscatter at a wavelength of 532 nm as a function of altitude. Tropical Regions – they form at altitudes of 6,100 m (20,000 ft) to 18,300 m (60,000 ft). Besides, they are a reduced amount of bright in … The coldness causes the formation of polar stratospheric clouds which provide an ideal surface for production of ozone depleting chlorine compounds.

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