There are two general categories of pulsed radar, Moving Target Indicator (MTI) and Pulsed Doppler. This method is characterized by radar pulse modulation with very short transmission pulses (typically transmit pulse durations of τ ≈ 0.1 … 1 µs). Therefore, pulse width constrains the maximum detection range of a target. After conducting sampling and discrete fourier transform on y(t) the sinusoid frequency To show that the bandwidth of y(t) is less than the original signal bandwidth We can then obtain the bandwidth by considering the difference in sinusoid frequency for targets at the lower and upper bound of the range window: Some radar pulse widths are even of nanosecond (10 −9 second) duration. Unlike the chirping waveform, which sweeps linearly across a total bandwidth of To calculate the distance of the target corresponding to a delay where l means the range bin l. now lets see what each pulse length does.. Short pulse: As we saw in range resolution, short pulse offers better range resolution. However, the trade-off of this is that slow edges make range resolution poor. If the transmitted signal has a duration {\displaystyle \scriptstyle T}, begins at The pulse transmission illuminates the inner range of 300' to 1/4 mile. While the radar transmitter is active, the receiver input is blanked to avoid the amplifiers being swamped (saturated) or, (more likely), damaged. Pulse length is usually expressed in microseconds, but is also measured in kilometers. By shaping the pulse envelope before it is applied to the transmitting device, say to a cosine law or a trapezoid, the bandwidth can be limited at source, with less reliance on filtering. The WSR-88D incorporates a variable pulse length that may be as short as 1.57 microseconds (1,545 feet). Higher bandwidth means finer resolution in this dimension. In general, the receiving bandwidth is kept as small as possible, so not much unnecessary noise is received. As with everything else in a radar system, compromises have to be made to a radar system's design to provide the optimal performance for its role. Between the transmit pulses are very large pulse pauses Τ >> τ, which are referred to as the receiving time (typically Τ ≈ 1 ms) as shown in Figure 2. At Pulse width also determines the radar's dead zone at close ranges. These techniques are in widespread use in marine safety and navigation radars, by far the most numerous radars on planet Earth today. Important aspects ofaradar pulse include minimum range, range resolution, and pulse repetition frequency.
Clutter is detected and neutralized in several ways. In a pulse compression system, the range-resolution of the radar is given by the length of the pulse at the output-jack of the pulse compressing stage. Most radars automatically adjust the pulse length according to the selected range. The diagram below shows the characteristics of the transmitted signal in the time domain. so as to be nevertheless detected as two reflectors and not as one large object. In radar, we measure all time in seconds (or fractions of seconds). which is the same of the resolution of the original linear-frequency-modulation waveform. It is having a series of narrow rectangular shaped pulses. Radar designers try to use the highest PRF possible commensurate with the other factors that constrain it, as described below.
A typical Radar wave form is shown in the following figure. It is the smallest distance between the two different targets, so that radar can differentiate between them. thus the instantaneous frequency is (by definition): At the distance less than the minimum distance, radar will not be able to differentiate between two nearby targets. 16 0 0.04 0.08 0.12 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 New York [etc.
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