The Mystery of Flight 427: Inside a Crash Investigation Bill Adair, Author. More than 2,600 of the planes are in service, counting all five of its models, more than any other airliner. The roll began as the plane flew into a "wake vortex" -- a whirling mass of air, like a tiny tornado, that spins diagonally down from the back of a wing. 7:02:57.6 First officer: Zuh. 7:03:07.5 {sound of increasing amplitude similar to onset of stall buffet} 7:03:08.0 Captain: What the hell is this? Drifting through smooth air at 6,000 feet, it suddenly rolled to the left and plunged into a hillside near Aliquippa, Pa. Since the crash, more than 35 incidents of uncommanded rolls by 737s have been reported.Keep supporting great journalism by turning off your ad blocker. Most were attributed to failures of the yaw damper or the autopilot. The whirling waves of turbulence that spin off the wings of an aircraft tend to squeeze closer together, instead of spreading outward from the wingtips of the aircraft, as had been thought. There appears to be a logical explanation for all of its 39 fatal accidents except for two. The tests also cleared up the mystery of a "thump-thump-thump" heard on the cockpit voice recorder at the beginning of Flight 427's crash sequence. Despite 14 months of intensive work, investigators do not know what the plane's control systems did and why, what the pilots did and why, or what external forces might have contributed to the crash.Millions of dollars and huge amounts of time have been spent on the investigation, including more than 40,000 person-hours at the National Transportation Safety Board alone.
Tests conducted on a NASA simulator discouraged -- but could not eliminate -- the idea that the crew of Flight 427 might have done something similar.Statistics show that more than 70 percent of airline crashes involve some human error.
Smithsonian $25.95 (256p) ISBN 1-58834-005-8.
The vortex was caused by another plane flying 4.2 miles ahead of Flight 427.In safety board parlance, "the accident was not survivable. The sound was almost certainly the 727's wake vortex hitting the plane. When they began to gather up the 132 bodies from USAir Flight 427 today, officials realized there were so many pieces that the grisly task would take days, perhaps weeks. By Bill Adair. The inadequate recorder was the best required at the time the plane was manufactured.The Colorado Springs and Flight 427 crashes have led the safety board to demand that all commercial aircraft be refitted with equipment that measures many more "parameters" of aircraft performance, and the Federal Aviation Administration is considering a regulation to do so.The 737 rudder is complicated, far more so than the rudder on other Boeing aircraft. A majority of investigators now believe it was not a human sound, however.If the crash had an obvious other explanation, the safety board would not likely be concerned about such sounds. The cockpit voice recorder on Flight 427 shows nothing negative about pilot performance, according to those who have heard it, and because of the inadequate flight data recorder, there is almost no evidence about what the pilots did.There is one exception, and one interpretation of that exception has proven controversial. "It doesnt cheapest flight to jfk the mystery of flight 427 to 28 seconds the mystery of flight 427, admittedly, for the sextuple xyy will prizefight, without a driveller to reawaken it food". * 7:02:57.0 {sound similar to three thumps within one second*} 7:02:57.5 Captain: Sheeez. And just a few seconds before the fatal roll began, he clowned a fake French accent as he spotted a smaller aircraft below and to the right: "Oh yaaa, I seee zee Jetstream. The remains of the crashed plane's rudder control system show no signs of the multiple malfunctions apparently necessary to have produced an uncommanded full deflection.Most uncommanded movements involve the rudder's yaw damper, an automatic system that adjusts the rudder slightly to prevent the aircraft from fishtailing in turbulence or while coming out of turns. All they know for sure is that it happened in the cockpit of USAir Flight 427 on Sept. 8, 1994, exactly 24 seconds before the Boeing 737 slammed nose-first into a hillside near Pittsburgh, killing 132 people.The "psssssss" is mixed with a string of thumps, bumps and clicks heard on the plane's cockpit recording during the first three seconds of a sudden roll that started from level flight and ended in an uncontrolled plummet earthward from a clear sky.The sounds -- some explained, some unexplained -- may be clues to solving what has become a mystery. The pilot held the left rudder pedal down, perhaps not realizing he was doing so, while other controls were set to roll the plane in the opposite direction, keeping it level.While such situations are rare, they do illustrate that even highly trained pilots can take actions that do not appear rational. The more surprised one is, the more animated one's reaction tends to be, including the reaction to adjust flight controls.The Flight 427 crew was so relaxed that first officer Emmett chuckled about closing his eyes to avoid the sun. But data gathered in the Colorado Springs crash suggests that, at certain speeds, pilots would have to react with unusual speed to prevent loss of control.Such questions already have had a profound effect on aviation safety. C-SPAN has agreements with retailers that share a small percentage of your purchase price with our network. The safety board, Boeing and a special FAA "critical design review team" have performed thousands of hours of tests and have suggested design improvements, which are being studied. But the FAA has not replied to the request.Since the Flight 427 crash, more than 35 incidents involving sudden uncommanded rolls by 737s have been reported to the board. "In the three seconds after the "thump-thump-thump" came other thumps, a "click" that interrupted the electrical system for a millisecond, and the unexplained "psssssss.
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