Finally, the acknowledgement will bounce back to the originating card,
where the invalid entry was made. Wireless Session Protocol is actually intended to replace Hypertext Transfer Protocol. This is where WAP becomes important.When a device connects to the Internet, several actions occur to bring the
Web site to the requesting device. The WDP allows WAP to be bearer-independent by adapting the transport layer of the underlying bearer. However, WMLScript (WMLS) is less complex, and is optimized
for PCS devices. )Wireless Transaction Session Protocol (WTSP)This part of WAP is
used to classify data flow as reliable one-way, reliable two-way, or unreliable
one-way.Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS)This layer is the security
part of WAP. The Internet most of us are familiar with uses Web pages to present
data. Unlike HTTP, WSP has been designed by the WAP Forum to provide fast connection suspension and reconnection.Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP). It includes many of the same logical
functions and syntax. Although WAP can be used with other forms of
presentation, its coders primarily designed it to be used with WML.Because of the small size of PCS devices, and because they operate with much
less bandwidth or speed, than the rest of the Internet, a special protocol was
necessary to redefine how they handle data transmission.
Wireless Session Protocol (WSP). Unlike HTTP, WSP has been designed by the WAP Forum to provide fast connection suspension and reconnection. This same
application on a desktop browser such as Internet Explorer could be accomplished
with one file and on one screen.WML differs from any other formatting language. Wireless Session Protocol Wireless session is nothing but a normal Web browsing session that starts when the user connects to one URL and ends when the user leaves that URL. Each card represents a
possible screen, but is linked to the other cards in the The layered architecture allows other applications and services to utilise the features provided by the WAP-stack as well. It was actually a set of protocols which was called a WAP Protocol suite consisting of: Wireless Application Environment (WAE), functioning in the application layer along with WML. WSP is the equivalent to HTTP for WAP browsers. (This is similar to UDP versus TCP in
traditional networking. For example, in the desktop world that uses JavaScript, if
a programmer wants to alert a user that an action was invalid, she would use
an This type of immediate alert is not possible using current PCS devices. PCS devices use
the same concept, but instead of viewing Web pages, you view
"cards. One of the
most common of languages is WMLScript, which is discussed later in this
chapter.Wireless Session Protocol (WSP)This part is responsible for the
type of communication established with the PCS device. ii.
The following is the WML and WMLS page used to create a sample
addition program.These are three different screens, using four different files. As a result, the WAP protocol stack is divided into five layers −Wireless Session Protocol (WSP). The WTP runs on top of a datagram service, such as User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and is part of the standard suite of TCP/IP protocols used to provide a simplified protocol suitable for low bandwidth wireless stations.Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS). The core of WSP design is binary form of … Whereas a desktop browser supports dynamic screens that appear on top of another
screen, the PCS environment does not. Typically, you perform
all PCS navigation with a list of options, or by pushing a button on the PCS
device. Because of the many different types of
data transfer methods, the WDP ensures standardization, so any carrier can be
used to transfer wireless data as long as it is compatible with WAP.Network carriersThis is the carrier method (also called a
Once the data maneuvers through this stack, The PCS device processes it and
presents it on the screen with a Now that you have a basic understanding of WAP's purpose, let's
examine the actual data and how it is presented. Because a PCS device is limited in memory and
size, it cannot support XHTML.A developer can incorporate any number of programming or scripting languages
into a Web page. The
following outlines what happens when you request a Web page using WAP:The device is turned on and accesses the Internet application via the
The gateway server retrieves information as HTML, and converts it to the
appropriate language.In other words, the process of fetching Internet content to a Web-enabled PCS
device is handled in two parts.
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