In contrast to the pre-1994 through 1995 eruptions, the bottom of the crater could not be seen from the NE crater rim.
Based on analysis of satellite imagery, the Darwin VAAC reported that on 7 March a possible plume rose to altitudes of 3.7-4.3 km (12,000-14,000 ft) a.s.l.
"Semeru has been active throughout 1985. "White-gray ash plume[s]" rose to low levels above the summit and several "pyroclastic avalanches" traveled 200-2,000 m into Besuk Kembar River. Strombolian-type eruptions have accompanied the formation of the lava dome since extrusion began in 1967.Lava avalanches from the dome have usually been contained at about 3 km altitude on the S flank of the volcano, in the upper reaches of the Kembar River, but one traveled farther down the river valley in early December. This valley is ~50 m deep, and ends to the E in a ridge, shown as part of the crater wall on the 1941 map. Lava avalanches, nuées ardentes (traveling a maximum of about 7 km), and ash explosions have accompanied the dome extrusion.During 1979, the rate of dome growth slowed, and ash explosions became weaker and less frequent, occurring at intervals of 45 minutes to 1 hour in contrast to 30-35 minutes in 1977-8. Tremor and explosion signals increased, but avalanche signals decreased, during the week of 3-9 May. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was reminded to stay outside of the general 1-km radius from the summit and 4 km on the SSE flank.PVMBG reported that the eruption at Semeru continued during 27 May-2 June, though sometimes weather conditions prevented visual confirmation. "When . White-and-gray ash plumes rose 200-400 m above the summit and drifted S on 29 July. Semeru remained at Alert Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4).When weather conditions were clear during 8-14 July, lava avalanches were sometimes observed traveling 750 m from Semeru's crater rim E toward Besuk Kembar River. The press, citing an unnamed local volcanologist, reported that small explosions occurred as often as every 5 minutes after 4 December. . Semeru remained at Alert Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4).At Semeru, the end of December 2002 was characterized by high numbers of explosions and pyroclastic flows (Lava avalanches in January 2003 extended up to 750 m from the crater rim and sometimes entered the Besuk Kembar river. Tectonic and volcanic earthquakes continued, along with explosions, avalanches, pyroclastic flows, and tremor (table 7). It is known for its regular ash explosions that typically occur at intervals of 10-30 minutes.Effusive-explosive eruption of the volcano continues. Seismicity was dominated by explosion and avalanche earthquakes. . They reached a maximum altitude of 5.2 km (17,000 ft) a.s.l.According to the Darwin VAAC, on 24-25 and 31 July small plumes from Semeru were visible on satellite imagery and reached unknown altitudes. Having said that, it is safe (relatively ha!)
The composition of a breadcrust bomb sample collected on 17 August is shown in table 2. During April 2015, ash plumes rose 200-600 m above the crater 68 times according to PVMBG; minor ashfall was reported on the flanks, and explosions were heard 30 times.Activity increased further in May 2015, with ash plumes reported 122 times, rising 200-500 m above the summit and drifting W, NW, and SW. Incandescent rock avalanches descended as far as 1 km in the Kembar ravine. Seismic signals thought to indicate local floods registered 15-21 April. The number of pyroclastic flows increased in late April, and continued at a typical rate of 2-7 per week for the next few months (table 4). In beginning of September lava was extruded and formed lava stream in direction of river Sarat (S slope) accompanied by continuous tremors (recorded by mechanical seismographs at Tawonsongo Observatory 1-15 September, and at Argosuko Observatory 2-4 September). and drifted SW. Based on analysis of satellite images and wind model data, the Darwin VAAC reported that on 4 September a discrete eruption at Semeru generated an ash plume that rose to an altitude of 4.3 km (14,000 ft) a.s.l.
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